Oral surgery encompasses a range of surgical procedures performed on the teeth, gums, jaw, and other oral and maxillofacial structures. It’s a specialized field in dentistry that addresses various dental and facial issues. Here’s an overview of common types of oral surgery:
1. Tooth Extractions
Simple Extractions: Removal of visible teeth, typically due to decay, infection, or crowding.
Surgical Extractions: Removal of teeth that are not easily accessible, such as impacted wisdom teeth. This involves incisions in the gum and may require removal of bone.
2. Dental Implants
Implant Placement: Surgical insertion of titanium posts into the jawbone to replace missing tooth roots, followed by placement of a dental prosthesis (crown, bridge, or denture).
3. Periodontal Surgery
Gum Grafting: Transplanting gum tissue to cover exposed root surfaces or to improve gum health.
Flap Surgery: Cleaning the roots of a tooth and repairing bone damage caused by gum disease.
Correcting irregularities of the jaw bones, improving the patient’s ability to chew, speak, and breathe, and enhancing appearance.
Removing the tip of a tooth’s root to treat an infection that has spread beyond the tooth or has not healed after root canal therapy.
Rebuilding jaws, teeth, and related structures, often using bone grafts.
Addressing congenital defects of the upper lip and roof of the mouth.
In severe cases, where non-surgical treatments have failed, surgery might be required to repair or replace the joint.
Removing a small piece of tissue for analysis to diagnose oral cancers or other pathological processes.
Pre- and Post-Surgical Care
Evaluation: Thorough examination, including X-rays or CT scans.
Anesthesia: Local or general, depending on the procedure.
Post-Operative Care: Instructions on diet, pain management, oral hygiene, and activity restrictions.
Follow-Up Appointments: To monitor healing and address any complications.
Oral surgery procedures require specific expertise and are typically performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons, periodontists, or endodontists, depending on the type of surgery. These procedures can significantly improve oral health, function, and aesthetics, but they often require careful planning and consideration of the patient’s overall health and specific needs.
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